Composite materials with physical effects like light, electricity, heat, and magnetism have complex structures and compositions, often requiring observation under varying physical conditions. For example, thermoelectric materials generate an electric potential difference under a temperature gradient, while piezoelectric materials produce charge under mechanical stress. SEM, coupled with EDS and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), can visually reveal the microstructure of these materials, such as phase distribution and defects. Additionally, by using in-situ heating or loading devices, researchers can observe the structural evolution of materials under thermal, mechanical, and other physical fields in real-time within the SEM. This enables a deeper understanding of their physical mechanisms, providing robust support for optimizing material performance and developing new applications.
