The working principle of ScopeX G59 is based on characteristic fluorescence signal generated by X-ray exciting samples. When X-rays hit samples, atoms in the samples are excited and inner electrons transition to high energy levels and then fall back. In the process characteristic fluorescence signal is released whose energy is specific for each element. Thus, the element composition can be determined by measuring the energy of these X-rays.

The analyzer mainly includes X-ray tube(excitaton source), sample chamber, detector and software. X-ray tube produces an incident X-ray to excite samples. Detector captures and measures the energy and intensity of X-ray fluorescence. Then software processes data to provide element concentration.