The principle of measuring the mass concentration of particulate matter is β ray method. The process is to collect particles onto a filter paper, then shine a beam of β rays through the paper and particles. As the rays are scattered through the filter paper, they are attenuated in proportion to the weight of the particles. The mass concentration of particulate matter can be calculated by measuring the attenuation of β rays.
The instrument is shielded by multiple layers and the front door of the instrument is made of thick steel plate to ensure that no radiation leaks during the operation of the instrument. In addition, the instrument entrusted the authority department to test the radiation dose, and the result showed that the radiation dose was comparable to the natural background in normal operation of the instrument, without any radiation leakage.
The maintenance frequency depends on the measurement frequency. In the case of hourly sampling and testing, a roll of filter paper can be used for a month so that it can be maintained once a month. The maintenance includes replacing the filter paper, replacing the air filter, and checking whether the instrument is in normal condition.
Advantages mainly include the following aspects:
（1）Integrated collaborative measurement of airborne particulate matter concentration and atmospheric heavy metal concentration, providing more accurate data for pollution tracing and source analysis;
（2）TSP, PM10, PM2.5 three kinds of cutter can be selected by users, applied in different environmental assessment occasions;；
（3）Accurate measurement of more than 30 heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and arsenic, with the minimum detection limit of 10pg/m3;；
（4）From optical tube, detector, digital multichannel analyzer (DCMA) to complete machine, dozens of XRF core technology invention patents;；
（5）With national technical certificate and test report, the reliability and accuracy of the instrument have been fully verified.
The instrument can work in the following environment: the operating temperature of the host is 0~40℃, and the operating humidity of the host is 20%RH~70%RH. We recommend that the instrument be installed in the monitoring station room equipped with air conditioning to ensure the stable operation of the equipment.
The main material of our sampled filter membrane is the same as that of the imported filter membrane, both of which are polytetrafluoroethylene, and there is no difference. Our domestic filter membrane material has been very good.
Atmospheric heavy metal online analyzer can continuously measure and analyze the concentration of a variety of heavy metal particles and particulate mass concentration in the atmosphere, and the application is as follows:
1. Air quality monitoring
2. Characteristics analysis of airborne particulate matter
3. Atmospheric background measurement
4. Environmental assessment and permit
5. Location, source tracing, prediction and early warning of pollutants
The test thickness range of a coating thickness analyzer can vary with different instrument models and measurement techniques. Different instruments may have different measuring ranges to accommodate different types and thicknesses of coatings.
In general, common coating thickness analyzer can cover the following thickness ranges:
Metallic coatings: in the range from a few micrometers (μm) to hundreds of micrometers (μm).
Ceramic coatings: in the range from hundreds of nanometers (nm) to hundreds of micrometers (μm).
Paints and coatings: ranging from tens of micrometers (μm) to hundreds of micrometers (μm).
Some advanced coating thickness analyzer can even cover a wider thickness range, including thinner coatings and thicker multi-layer coatings.
The smallest sample size that a coating thickness analyzer can measure depends on the specific instrument model and measurement technique. Different instruments may have different limitations, so the minimum measurable sample size may vary.
Typically, for a standard coating thickness analyzer, the diameter or size of its measuring probe or sensor will determine its minimum sample size. In general, the smaller the diameter or size of the measuring probe, the smaller the smallest sample size that can be measured.
The measurement accuracy of coating thickness analyzer can vary according to different instrument models, manufacturers and measurement conditions. Typically, modern coating thickness analyzer can provide relatively high measurement accuracy.
For common coating and thin film measurement applications, the general measurement accuracy can reach the following ranges:
Metal coating (such as gold plating, chrome plating, etc.): usually between a few microns (μm) and tens of microns, and the accuracy can reach about ±0.1 μm.
Ceramic coating: The measurement accuracy is generally between hundreds of nanometers (nm) and several micrometers (μm), and the accuracy can reach about ±1%.
Paints and coatings: The measurement accuracy is usually between a few microns (μm) and tens of microns, and the accuracy can reach about ±1-2%.
It should be noted that measurement accuracy is affected by several factors, including the quality and calibration of the instrument, surface preparation, choice of measurement technique, and the skill level of the operator. When using a coating thickness analyzer, it is recommended to refer to the specifications and accuracy information provided by the instrument manufacturer, and follow the correct measurement methods and operating guidelines to maximize measurement accuracy.
