The exploration and evaluation of mineral resources (or ore deposits) includes geology of exploration area, geology of ore bodies, mining technical conditions, technical performance of ore processing and comprehensive evaluation, etc.
Natural gas includes tight sandstone gas (deep basin gas), coalbed methane, shallow biogas, water soluble gas, shale gas, inorganic gas, natural gas hydrate, etc. Unconventional oil mainly includes: oil sands, heavy oil (heavy oil), oil shale (shale oil obtained by low temperature distillation).
Use physical or chemical methods to separate useful minerals and useless minerals (usually called gangue) or harmful minerals in mineral raw materials, or separate a variety of useful minerals by processing is called mineral processing.